STEP Mock Exam 1 — 100 Questions
اختبار STEP تجريبي شامل — 100 سؤال
A comprehensive B2–C1 STEP-style mock examination.
Mansoor Academy
STEP Mock Exam 1 — 100 Questions
Name: ____________________ Date: ____________
Under no circumstances _____ confidential files outside the secure network.
- A) employees should access
- B) should employees access
- C) employees access
- D) do employees accessed
If the team had followed the original plan, the project _____ in serious difficulty now.
- A) will not be
- B) is not
- C) would not have been
- D) would not be
By next June, Dr. Amal _____ at the university for twenty years.
- A) will teach
- B) has been teaching
- C) will have been teaching
- D) will have taught
The missing documents are believed _____ during the office relocation.
- A) to be misplacing
- B) to have misplaced
- C) to have been misplaced
- D) to misplace
The committee insisted that the revised policy _____ before the end of the month.
- A) be implemented
- B) is implemented
- C) will be implemented
- D) was implemented
Each of the proposals _____ evaluated according to the same criteria.
- A) were
- B) have
- C) is
- D) are
Before moving into the apartment, they had the locks _____.
- A) changed
- B) changing
- C) to change
- D) change
Please remember _____ the application before midnight; the system closes automatically.
- A) to submit
- B) submitted
- C) submitting
- D) submit
Students _____ for the scholarship must submit two references.
- A) applying
- B) are applying
- C) applied
- D) to be applied
The lights were on and his car was outside, so he _____ at home at the time.
- A) must be
- B) must have been
- C) should have been
- D) would be
Only after the data had been checked twice _____ the researchers publish their findings.
- A) had
- B) were
- C) did
- D) have
The ground was wet because it _____ for several hours before dawn.
- A) was raining
- B) had been raining
- C) has rained
- D) rained
The laboratory in _____ the samples were stored is being renovated.
- A) that
- B) where
- C) which
- D) whom
The researchers travelled across _____ Arabian Peninsula to collect samples.
- A) a
- B) an
- C) —
- D) the
There is very _____ evidence to support such a broad conclusion.
- A) a few
- B) few
- C) many
- D) little
Either the department head or the senior managers _____ responsible for approving the final budget.
- A) has
- B) are
- C) is
- D) was
The researcher _____ findings were published last week will speak at the conference.
- A) whom
- B) who
- C) whose
- D) which
Not only _____ the deadline, but she also improved the quality of the final report.
- A) had she meet
- B) she met
- C) did she meet
- D) she did meet
_____ it not for the emergency funding, the project would have been cancelled.
- A) Had
- B) Were
- C) Should
- D) Was
The supervisor reminded the trainees _____ their identification badges.
- A) brought
- B) bring
- C) to bring
- D) bringing
If the printer still does not respond, try _____ it off and on again.
- A) switched
- B) switch
- C) switching
- D) to switch
_____ by the sudden change in regulations, several companies requested clarification.
- A) Confusing
- B) Confused
- C) To confuse
- D) Having confused
Noura wishes she _____ the earlier flight yesterday.
- A) had taken
- B) has taken
- C) took
- D) would take
It was _____ complicated procedure that even experienced staff needed assistance.
- A) such a
- B) such
- C) so
- D) so a
The employee objected to _____ responsible for an error he had not caused.
- A) have held
- B) being held
- C) be held
- D) holding
The package _____ yesterday, but the tracking system is temporarily unavailable, so we cannot be certain.
- A) must arrive
- B) would have arrive
- C) may have arrived
- D) should arrive
Omar said, 'I will finish the report tomorrow.' The next day, his colleague reported that Omar had said he _____ the report the following day.
- A) finished
- B) will finish
- C) had finished
- D) would finish
Hardly had the meeting started _____ the fire alarm sounded.
- A) while
- B) then
- C) than
- D) when
The more carefully you plan the project, _____ unexpected problems you are likely to face.
- A) fewer
- B) the less
- C) the few
- D) the fewer
After several months in the new role, she is used to _____ difficult decisions quickly.
- A) to make
- B) made
- C) make
- D) making
The conference room needs _____ before the guests arrive.
- A) clean
- B) cleaned
- C) to cleaning
- D) cleaning
The director would rather the team _____ the announcement until Monday.
- A) delay
- B) delayed
- C) will delay
- D) has delayed
_____ the limited budget, the organisers managed to deliver a successful event.
- A) Although
- B) Because
- C) Despite
- D) Despite of
Although he has no authority over the project, he speaks about it as if he _____ personally responsible for every decision.
- A) has been
- B) were
- C) will be
- D) is
You may use the laboratory equipment _____ you follow the safety procedures.
- A) despite
- B) whereas
- C) unless
- D) provided that
She is one of the researchers who _____ contributed to the international study.
- A) is
- B) have
- C) was
- D) has
Most of the equipment _____ already been installed.
- A) are
- B) has
- C) have
- D) were
The committee has not yet decided _____ the proposal should be accepted.
- A) that
- B) what
- C) whether
- D) which
By the time the new branch opens, the company _____ more than 200 employees.
- A) has hired
- B) will be hiring
- C) will hire
- D) will have hired
It was the unexpected rise in costs _____ forced the company to revise its budget.
- A) where
- B) what
- C) that
- D) who
The second experiment helped _____ the findings of the original study.
- A) contradict
- B) allocate
- C) corroborate
- D) postpone
Excessive noise can have a _____ effect on concentration and productivity.
- A) beneficial
- B) neutral
- C) temporary
- D) detrimental
The selection process appeared _____ because no clear criteria had been announced.
- A) transparent
- B) systematic
- C) arbitrary
- D) mandatory
Delaying routine maintenance may _____ the existing mechanical problems.
- A) document
- B) exacerbate
- C) resolve
- D) measure
From the available data, it was difficult to _____ any clear pattern.
- A) discern
- B) postpone
- C) retain
- D) manufacture
The proposed solution is financially _____ and could be implemented within six months.
- A) viable
- B) fragile
- C) scarce
- D) hostile
The executive summary should be clear and _____, avoiding unnecessary detail.
- A) concise
- B) redundant
- C) lengthy
- D) ambiguous
Smartphones have become so _____ in daily life that many services are now designed primarily for mobile users.
- A) temporary
- B) isolated
- C) pervasive
- D) scarce
The witness was _____ to give a definite answer because she was unsure of what she had seen.
- A) reluctant
- B) capable
- C) eager
- D) certain
The new regulations impose _____ requirements on companies handling sensitive data.
- A) vague
- B) optional
- C) stringent
- D) casual
Several manual steps became _____ after the company introduced an automated system.
- A) efficient
- B) urgent
- C) redundant
- D) essential
Fuel prices tend to _____ throughout the year in response to changes in supply and demand.
- A) disappear
- B) fluctuate
- C) stabilize permanently
- D) accumulate
The city is investing in more _____ transport systems that use less energy and produce fewer emissions.
- A) obsolete
- B) sustainable
- C) artificial
- D) temporary
The old software became _____ when the manufacturer stopped providing updates.
- A) innovative
- B) obsolete
- C) portable
- D) accurate
The researchers reached a _____ conclusion because the sample was too small for certainty.
- A) definitive
- B) permanent
- C) irrelevant
- D) tentative
Trust is an _____ part of any successful long-term partnership.
- A) intrinsic
- B) external
- C) temporary
- D) accidental
The new online portal was designed to _____ communication between students and advisers.
- A) complicate
- B) facilitate
- C) restrict
- D) prevent
Although the report contained useful data, its argument was not fully _____ because several sections contradicted one another.
- A) objective
- B) brief
- C) coherent
- D) temporary
The difference between the two measurements was so small that it was considered _____.
- A) negligible
- B) substantial
- C) deliberate
- D) predictable
Before approving the contract, the legal team will _____ every clause carefully.
- A) summarize
- B) scrutinize
- C) simplify
- D) postpone
Cities often experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because roads, roofs, and other built surfaces absorb and retain heat. This phenomenon, commonly called the urban heat island effect, can increase energy use and create health risks during extreme weather. One response is to expand urban greenery. Trees provide shade and release water vapour through their leaves, while parks and planted roofs can reduce the amount of heat stored by hard surfaces. However, simply adding vegetation is not enough. Species that require excessive irrigation may place additional pressure on water supplies, and poorly located trees can interfere with infrastructure. Researchers therefore emphasize targeted planting: selecting drought-tolerant species, prioritizing neighbourhoods with little existing shade, and maintaining vegetation over time. The goal is not merely to make cities greener, but to make them cooler and more resilient without creating new environmental problems.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A) Urban greenery can reduce city heat, but it must be planned carefully to avoid creating other problems.
- B) Any type of tree planting will automatically solve urban heat problems.
- C) Cities should replace most roads and roofs with parks.
- D) The urban heat island effect occurs only during extreme weather.
Cities often experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because roads, roofs, and other built surfaces absorb and retain heat. This phenomenon, commonly called the urban heat island effect, can increase energy use and create health risks during extreme weather. One response is to expand urban greenery. Trees provide shade and release water vapour through their leaves, while parks and planted roofs can reduce the amount of heat stored by hard surfaces. However, simply adding vegetation is not enough. Species that require excessive irrigation may place additional pressure on water supplies, and poorly located trees can interfere with infrastructure. Researchers therefore emphasize targeted planting: selecting drought-tolerant species, prioritizing neighbourhoods with little existing shade, and maintaining vegetation over time. The goal is not merely to make cities greener, but to make them cooler and more resilient without creating new environmental problems.
What can reasonably be inferred from the passage?
- A) A successful heat-reduction programme must consider local environmental conditions as well as the amount of vegetation.
- B) Urban heat can be eliminated completely by planting enough trees.
- C) Water use is irrelevant when selecting plants for hot cities.
- D) All neighbourhoods require exactly the same type of planting programme.
Cities often experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because roads, roofs, and other built surfaces absorb and retain heat. This phenomenon, commonly called the urban heat island effect, can increase energy use and create health risks during extreme weather. One response is to expand urban greenery. Trees provide shade and release water vapour through their leaves, while parks and planted roofs can reduce the amount of heat stored by hard surfaces. However, simply adding vegetation is not enough. Species that require excessive irrigation may place additional pressure on water supplies, and poorly located trees can interfere with infrastructure. Researchers therefore emphasize targeted planting: selecting drought-tolerant species, prioritizing neighbourhoods with little existing shade, and maintaining vegetation over time. The goal is not merely to make cities greener, but to make them cooler and more resilient without creating new environmental problems.
The word 'retain' is closest in meaning to:
- A) reflect
- B) keep
- C) measure
- D) remove
Cities often experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because roads, roofs, and other built surfaces absorb and retain heat. This phenomenon, commonly called the urban heat island effect, can increase energy use and create health risks during extreme weather. One response is to expand urban greenery. Trees provide shade and release water vapour through their leaves, while parks and planted roofs can reduce the amount of heat stored by hard surfaces. However, simply adding vegetation is not enough. Species that require excessive irrigation may place additional pressure on water supplies, and poorly located trees can interfere with infrastructure. Researchers therefore emphasize targeted planting: selecting drought-tolerant species, prioritizing neighbourhoods with little existing shade, and maintaining vegetation over time. The goal is not merely to make cities greener, but to make them cooler and more resilient without creating new environmental problems.
According to the passage, why can some tree-planting programmes create an additional problem?
- A) Trees always increase energy use in nearby buildings.
- B) Some species may require large amounts of irrigation water.
- C) Parks prevent cities from maintaining infrastructure.
- D) Vegetation cannot survive in any urban environment.
Cities often experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because roads, roofs, and other built surfaces absorb and retain heat. This phenomenon, commonly called the urban heat island effect, can increase energy use and create health risks during extreme weather. One response is to expand urban greenery. Trees provide shade and release water vapour through their leaves, while parks and planted roofs can reduce the amount of heat stored by hard surfaces. However, simply adding vegetation is not enough. Species that require excessive irrigation may place additional pressure on water supplies, and poorly located trees can interfere with infrastructure. Researchers therefore emphasize targeted planting: selecting drought-tolerant species, prioritizing neighbourhoods with little existing shade, and maintaining vegetation over time. The goal is not merely to make cities greener, but to make them cooler and more resilient without creating new environmental problems.
Why does the author mention 'targeted planting' near the end of the passage?
- A) To show how cities can gain cooling benefits while reducing possible drawbacks
- B) To prove that green roofs are always better than trees
- C) To suggest that maintenance is unnecessary after planting
- D) To argue that only wealthy neighbourhoods should receive trees
Sleep is sometimes treated as time taken away from learning, especially by students preparing for important examinations. Yet research on memory suggests the opposite. During sleep, the brain appears to strengthen some of the neural patterns formed while a person was awake, a process often described as memory consolidation. This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying; information must first be learned. Instead, sleep helps stabilize and organize what has already been encoded. The timing of study also matters. Reviewing material before sleep may be useful because there is less interference from new information before consolidation begins. Chronic sleep loss, by contrast, can reduce attention during learning and make later recall more difficult. For students, the practical lesson is not that one particular bedtime guarantees better scores, but that consistently sacrificing sleep to extend study time may be counterproductive.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A) Students should stop studying and sleep whenever they have an examination.
- B) Studying immediately after waking is always the most effective method.
- C) Memory is formed only while people are asleep.
- D) Adequate sleep supports learning and memory, so repeatedly sacrificing sleep for extra study may be ineffective.
Sleep is sometimes treated as time taken away from learning, especially by students preparing for important examinations. Yet research on memory suggests the opposite. During sleep, the brain appears to strengthen some of the neural patterns formed while a person was awake, a process often described as memory consolidation. This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying; information must first be learned. Instead, sleep helps stabilize and organize what has already been encoded. The timing of study also matters. Reviewing material before sleep may be useful because there is less interference from new information before consolidation begins. Chronic sleep loss, by contrast, can reduce attention during learning and make later recall more difficult. For students, the practical lesson is not that one particular bedtime guarantees better scores, but that consistently sacrificing sleep to extend study time may be counterproductive.
Which conclusion is most consistent with the passage?
- A) Learning new information during the day prevents memory consolidation.
- B) Sleep is useful only when study takes place immediately before bedtime.
- C) Any student who sleeps eight hours will remember everything studied.
- D) A student who studies longer by repeatedly reducing sleep may lose some of the benefit of the extra study time.
Sleep is sometimes treated as time taken away from learning, especially by students preparing for important examinations. Yet research on memory suggests the opposite. During sleep, the brain appears to strengthen some of the neural patterns formed while a person was awake, a process often described as memory consolidation. This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying; information must first be learned. Instead, sleep helps stabilize and organize what has already been encoded. The timing of study also matters. Reviewing material before sleep may be useful because there is less interference from new information before consolidation begins. Chronic sleep loss, by contrast, can reduce attention during learning and make later recall more difficult. For students, the practical lesson is not that one particular bedtime guarantees better scores, but that consistently sacrificing sleep to extend study time may be counterproductive.
In the passage, 'counterproductive' most nearly means:
- A) being impossible to measure
- B) producing immediate success
- C) having an effect opposite to the intended one
- D) requiring very little effort
Sleep is sometimes treated as time taken away from learning, especially by students preparing for important examinations. Yet research on memory suggests the opposite. During sleep, the brain appears to strengthen some of the neural patterns formed while a person was awake, a process often described as memory consolidation. This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying; information must first be learned. Instead, sleep helps stabilize and organize what has already been encoded. The timing of study also matters. Reviewing material before sleep may be useful because there is less interference from new information before consolidation begins. Chronic sleep loss, by contrast, can reduce attention during learning and make later recall more difficult. For students, the practical lesson is not that one particular bedtime guarantees better scores, but that consistently sacrificing sleep to extend study time may be counterproductive.
Why might reviewing material before sleep be useful, according to the passage?
- A) Studying before sleep removes the need for later review.
- B) There may be less new information interfering before memory consolidation begins.
- C) The brain learns completely new material only during sleep.
- D) Students are always more alert immediately before sleeping.
Sleep is sometimes treated as time taken away from learning, especially by students preparing for important examinations. Yet research on memory suggests the opposite. During sleep, the brain appears to strengthen some of the neural patterns formed while a person was awake, a process often described as memory consolidation. This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying; information must first be learned. Instead, sleep helps stabilize and organize what has already been encoded. The timing of study also matters. Reviewing material before sleep may be useful because there is less interference from new information before consolidation begins. Chronic sleep loss, by contrast, can reduce attention during learning and make later recall more difficult. For students, the practical lesson is not that one particular bedtime guarantees better scores, but that consistently sacrificing sleep to extend study time may be counterproductive.
In the sentence 'This does not mean that sleeping can replace studying,' the word 'This' refers mainly to:
- A) the amount of new information learned after sleep
- B) the timing of school examinations
- C) the claim that students should study all night
- D) the idea that sleep helps strengthen memories formed while awake
Automated systems are increasingly used to support decisions in areas such as finance, recruitment, and healthcare. These systems can process large amounts of information quickly and may identify patterns that a human reviewer could miss. However, speed and consistency do not guarantee fairness. If a system is trained on historical data that reflects earlier biases, it may reproduce those patterns in new decisions. Another challenge is transparency: some complex models can produce accurate predictions without making it easy to explain how a particular result was reached. For this reason, many specialists argue that high-impact automated decisions should include human oversight, clear procedures for challenging outcomes, and regular testing for unequal effects across groups. The purpose of such safeguards is not to reject automation, but to ensure that efficiency does not replace accountability.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A) Automated decision systems can be useful, but high-impact uses require safeguards to address bias and accountability.
- B) Historical data always produces fair decisions.
- C) Automated systems should replace human decision-makers in every field.
- D) Complex models are useful only when they are easy for everyone to understand.
Automated systems are increasingly used to support decisions in areas such as finance, recruitment, and healthcare. These systems can process large amounts of information quickly and may identify patterns that a human reviewer could miss. However, speed and consistency do not guarantee fairness. If a system is trained on historical data that reflects earlier biases, it may reproduce those patterns in new decisions. Another challenge is transparency: some complex models can produce accurate predictions without making it easy to explain how a particular result was reached. For this reason, many specialists argue that high-impact automated decisions should include human oversight, clear procedures for challenging outcomes, and regular testing for unequal effects across groups. The purpose of such safeguards is not to reject automation, but to ensure that efficiency does not replace accountability.
What can be inferred about the author's view of automation?
- A) The author thinks human judgment should never be used with automated systems.
- B) The author believes accuracy makes transparency unnecessary.
- C) The author supports its use when appropriate controls and human responsibility remain in place.
- D) The author believes automation is inherently unfair.
Automated systems are increasingly used to support decisions in areas such as finance, recruitment, and healthcare. These systems can process large amounts of information quickly and may identify patterns that a human reviewer could miss. However, speed and consistency do not guarantee fairness. If a system is trained on historical data that reflects earlier biases, it may reproduce those patterns in new decisions. Another challenge is transparency: some complex models can produce accurate predictions without making it easy to explain how a particular result was reached. For this reason, many specialists argue that high-impact automated decisions should include human oversight, clear procedures for challenging outcomes, and regular testing for unequal effects across groups. The purpose of such safeguards is not to reject automation, but to ensure that efficiency does not replace accountability.
The word 'oversight' is closest in meaning to:
- A) supervision
- B) ownership
- C) speed
- D) prediction
Automated systems are increasingly used to support decisions in areas such as finance, recruitment, and healthcare. These systems can process large amounts of information quickly and may identify patterns that a human reviewer could miss. However, speed and consistency do not guarantee fairness. If a system is trained on historical data that reflects earlier biases, it may reproduce those patterns in new decisions. Another challenge is transparency: some complex models can produce accurate predictions without making it easy to explain how a particular result was reached. For this reason, many specialists argue that high-impact automated decisions should include human oversight, clear procedures for challenging outcomes, and regular testing for unequal effects across groups. The purpose of such safeguards is not to reject automation, but to ensure that efficiency does not replace accountability.
Why might an automated system reproduce unfair patterns?
- A) Human reviewers cannot identify patterns in data.
- B) It always ignores historical information.
- C) It processes information more quickly than humans.
- D) Its training data may contain biases from earlier decisions.
Automated systems are increasingly used to support decisions in areas such as finance, recruitment, and healthcare. These systems can process large amounts of information quickly and may identify patterns that a human reviewer could miss. However, speed and consistency do not guarantee fairness. If a system is trained on historical data that reflects earlier biases, it may reproduce those patterns in new decisions. Another challenge is transparency: some complex models can produce accurate predictions without making it easy to explain how a particular result was reached. For this reason, many specialists argue that high-impact automated decisions should include human oversight, clear procedures for challenging outcomes, and regular testing for unequal effects across groups. The purpose of such safeguards is not to reject automation, but to ensure that efficiency does not replace accountability.
Why does the author mention procedures for challenging outcomes?
- A) To illustrate a safeguard that can preserve accountability in high-impact automated decisions
- B) To prove that historical data is always inaccurate
- C) To suggest that every automated decision should be reversed
- D) To show that automated systems should never make predictions
Mangrove forests grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines where land and sea meet. Their tangled root systems slow waves and trap sediment, which can reduce erosion and help protect shorelines during storms. Mangroves also provide nursery habitat for many fish species and store substantial amounts of carbon in their soils. Because of these benefits, restoration projects have expanded in many regions. Yet planting large numbers of seedlings does not guarantee success. Mangroves depend on suitable tidal flows, water depth, and sediment conditions. In places where those physical conditions have been altered, simply adding trees may result in high seedling mortality. Some restoration specialists therefore begin by repairing water flows or removing barriers before planting. This approach treats mangrove recovery as the restoration of an ecosystem rather than merely a tree-planting exercise.
What is the central idea of the passage?
- A) The only important benefit of mangroves is carbon storage.
- B) Mangrove restoration is most successful when projects restore suitable ecosystem conditions rather than simply planting trees.
- C) Mangrove restoration requires preventing all tidal water from reaching the coast.
- D) Mangroves can grow successfully along every coastline.
Mangrove forests grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines where land and sea meet. Their tangled root systems slow waves and trap sediment, which can reduce erosion and help protect shorelines during storms. Mangroves also provide nursery habitat for many fish species and store substantial amounts of carbon in their soils. Because of these benefits, restoration projects have expanded in many regions. Yet planting large numbers of seedlings does not guarantee success. Mangroves depend on suitable tidal flows, water depth, and sediment conditions. In places where those physical conditions have been altered, simply adding trees may result in high seedling mortality. Some restoration specialists therefore begin by repairing water flows or removing barriers before planting. This approach treats mangrove recovery as the restoration of an ecosystem rather than merely a tree-planting exercise.
Which benefit of mangroves is mentioned in the passage?
- A) They remove all carbon from the atmosphere.
- B) They prevent fish from entering shallow coastal water.
- C) Their roots can reduce coastal erosion.
- D) They eliminate the need for storm protection everywhere.
Mangrove forests grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines where land and sea meet. Their tangled root systems slow waves and trap sediment, which can reduce erosion and help protect shorelines during storms. Mangroves also provide nursery habitat for many fish species and store substantial amounts of carbon in their soils. Because of these benefits, restoration projects have expanded in many regions. Yet planting large numbers of seedlings does not guarantee success. Mangroves depend on suitable tidal flows, water depth, and sediment conditions. In places where those physical conditions have been altered, simply adding trees may result in high seedling mortality. Some restoration specialists therefore begin by repairing water flows or removing barriers before planting. This approach treats mangrove recovery as the restoration of an ecosystem rather than merely a tree-planting exercise.
What can be inferred about some unsuccessful mangrove planting projects?
- A) They planted too few species of fish near the roots.
- B) They failed because mangroves cannot tolerate tidal water.
- C) They removed too much carbon from coastal soils.
- D) They may have focused on planting before correcting unsuitable physical conditions.
Mangrove forests grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines where land and sea meet. Their tangled root systems slow waves and trap sediment, which can reduce erosion and help protect shorelines during storms. Mangroves also provide nursery habitat for many fish species and store substantial amounts of carbon in their soils. Because of these benefits, restoration projects have expanded in many regions. Yet planting large numbers of seedlings does not guarantee success. Mangroves depend on suitable tidal flows, water depth, and sediment conditions. In places where those physical conditions have been altered, simply adding trees may result in high seedling mortality. Some restoration specialists therefore begin by repairing water flows or removing barriers before planting. This approach treats mangrove recovery as the restoration of an ecosystem rather than merely a tree-planting exercise.
The word 'mortality' in the passage refers to:
- A) death
- B) competition
- C) growth
- D) movement
Mangrove forests grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines where land and sea meet. Their tangled root systems slow waves and trap sediment, which can reduce erosion and help protect shorelines during storms. Mangroves also provide nursery habitat for many fish species and store substantial amounts of carbon in their soils. Because of these benefits, restoration projects have expanded in many regions. Yet planting large numbers of seedlings does not guarantee success. Mangroves depend on suitable tidal flows, water depth, and sediment conditions. In places where those physical conditions have been altered, simply adding trees may result in high seedling mortality. Some restoration specialists therefore begin by repairing water flows or removing barriers before planting. This approach treats mangrove recovery as the restoration of an ecosystem rather than merely a tree-planting exercise.
Which statement best reflects the restoration approach described in the final sentence?
- A) Restoring ecological processes can be more important than maximizing the number of trees planted.
- B) Mangrove projects should focus only on carbon storage.
- C) Physical coastal conditions have little effect on mangrove survival.
- D) Planting as many seedlings as possible should always be the first step.
Choose the correctly punctuated sentence.
- A) The laboratory was closed, for maintenance therefore the experiment was postponed.
- B) The laboratory was closed for maintenance, therefore the experiment was postponed.
- C) The laboratory was closed for maintenance; therefore, the experiment was postponed.
- D) The laboratory was closed for maintenance therefore; the experiment was postponed.
Choose the sentence that uses the colon correctly.
- A) The workshop covers: three areas planning, communication, and evaluation.
- B) The workshop: covers three areas, planning, communication, and evaluation.
- C) The workshop covers three: areas planning, communication, and evaluation.
- D) The workshop covers three areas: planning, communication, and evaluation.
Choose the best correction of the run-on sentence: 'The data were incomplete the team repeated the survey.'
- A) The data, were incomplete so the team repeated the survey.
- B) The data were incomplete, the team repeated the survey.
- C) The data were incomplete because, the team repeated the survey.
- D) The data were incomplete, so the team repeated the survey.
Choose the sentence with correct parallel structure.
- A) The internship involves attending meetings, to analyse data, and preparing presentations.
- B) The internship involves meetings, analysing data, and to prepare presentations.
- C) The internship involves attending meetings, analysing data, and preparing presentations.
- D) The internship involves to attend meetings, analysing data, and presentation preparation.
Choose the sentence with the modifier placed correctly.
- A) After reviewing the figures, there was an error noticed by the accountant.
- B) After reviewing the figures, the accountant noticed an error in the total.
- C) After reviewing the figures, an error appeared in the total.
- D) After reviewing the figures, the total contained an error for the accountant.
Choose the sentence with the clearest pronoun reference.
- A) When Lina met Reem, Lina explained that the schedule had changed.
- B) When Lina met Reem, she explained that it had changed.
- C) Lina told Reem that she had changed it.
- D) When she met her, Lina explained that it had changed.
Choose the sentence most appropriate for a formal report.
- A) It looks like people aren't really as happy as before.
- B) The survey results suggest that customer satisfaction has declined slightly.
- C) The survey says customers are kind of less happy now.
- D) The survey basically shows that things got a bit worse.
Choose the most concise sentence.
- A) The committee had a meeting for the purpose of discussing the revised budget.
- B) The reason the committee met was for the discussion of the revised budget.
- C) The committee met together in order to discuss about the revised budget.
- D) The committee met to discuss the revised budget.
The initial trial produced inconsistent results. _____, the researchers redesigned the procedure before repeating the experiment.
- A) For example
- B) Meanwhile
- C) Similarly
- D) Therefore
Choose the best combination: 'The software is inexpensive. It is reliable.'
- A) The software is both inexpensive and reliable.
- B) The software being inexpensive, but reliable is.
- C) The software is inexpensive, because reliable.
- D) Although inexpensive and the software is reliable.
Which sentence correctly shows that the suggestions belonged to several employees?
- A) The employees's suggestions were included in the final proposal.
- B) The employees suggestions were included in the final proposal.
- C) The employee's suggestions were included in the final proposal, although several employees contributed.
- D) The employees' suggestions were included in the final proposal.
Choose the sentence with correct capitalization.
- A) The conference will be held in Riyadh in November.
- B) The Conference will be held in Riyadh in november.
- C) The conference will be held in riyadh in November.
- D) The conference will be held in Riyadh in november.
Choose the sentence in which the semicolon is used correctly.
- A) Some participants preferred the morning session; others chose the evening session.
- B) Some participants; preferred the morning session, others chose the evening session.
- C) Some participants preferred the morning session; because others chose the evening session.
- D) Some participants preferred; the morning session and others chose the evening session.
Which sentence best follows this statement? 'The company introduced a mentoring programme for new employees.'
- A) As a result, new staff had a designated colleague to consult during their first months.
- B) The company's headquarters was renovated five years earlier.
- C) However, annual rainfall increased during the same period.
- D) Some industries rely heavily on imported materials.
Choose the sentence that avoids unnecessary repetition.
- A) The new policy became effective and took effect on Monday.
- B) On Monday, the new policy began to start taking effect.
- C) The new policy, which was new, took effect beginning on Monday.
- D) The new policy took effect on Monday.
Choose the sentence with consistent verb tense.
- A) The researcher collected the samples, records the measurements, and stored the data securely.
- B) The researcher had collected the samples, records the measurements, and stored the data securely.
- C) The researcher collects the samples, recorded the measurements, and stores the data securely.
- D) The researcher collected the samples, recorded the measurements, and stored the data securely.
The first proposal would reduce costs significantly. _____, it would require the company to close two regional offices.
- A) For instance
- B) However
- C) Therefore
- D) Similarly
Which option is a complete sentence?
- A) Although the weather improved during the afternoon.
- B) Because of the unexpected change in the weather.
- C) Because the weather improved, the flight departed on schedule.
- D) After the passengers had returned to the gate.
Choose the most appropriate sentence for an academic discussion.
- A) The findings show the original idea was sort of right.
- B) The findings provide limited support for the original hypothesis.
- C) The findings pretty much support what we thought at first.
- D) The findings kind of back up the original idea a little.
Which sentence would best conclude a paragraph describing both the benefits and limitations of electric buses?
- A) Some passengers prefer seats near the front of a bus.
- B) Battery chemistry is a highly specialized field of study.
- C) Electric buses were first developed many years ago.
- D) Overall, electric buses can reduce urban emissions, but their success depends on suitable charging infrastructure and operating conditions.
Question 1 of 100
120:00Under no circumstances _____ confidential files outside the secure network.